Featured

Author and Affiliation

Alina Constantin¹,  Cătălin Copăescu²,  Victor Tomulescu²,  Adrian Săftoiu³

¹Gastroenterology Department, Ponderas Academic Hospital Bucharest
²Surgical Department, Ponderas Academic Hospital Bucharest
³Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania

Video and Figure 1

SPN which occurs in young women in the third decade of life has well-defined borders and variable central areas with cystic degeneration, necrosis, or hemorrhage (Figure 1a). Contrast enhanced EUS reveals  in SPN  hypoenhancement in the the arterial and venous phase (Video 1). In contrast, NETs are hyperenhancing lesions. Elastography shows stiffer tissue compared to the surrounding (Figure 1b). Biopsy and immunohistochemical staining were performed for final diagnosis.

Take Home Message

Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) are two types of pancreatic tumor that were sometimes difficult to differentiate. Biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis obtained  by a histological needle biopsy plays a crucial role in differentiating these two tumor types, E-cadherin, chromogranin A, and β-catenin representing the most useful markers which should be employed for differentiating between NET and SPN.

Featured reference

Yusuke Ohara, Tatsuya Oda, Shinji Hashimoto. Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor and solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm: Key immunohistochemical profiles for differential diagnosis, World J Gastroenterol 2016;22(38):8596-8604.

Affiliation

Christoph F Dietrich, Medizinische Klinik 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Germany.

Video caption

The esophagus can be examined in the cervical region left to the thyroid. During swallowing the moving air within the esophagus can be identified.

Take Home Message

The feasibility of using swallow contrast-enhanced ultrasound (swallow-CEUS) to examine the function of the upper esophagus and to diagnose Zenker diverticulum has been shown.

Featured reference

Cui XW, Ignee A, Baum U, Dietrich CF. Feasibility and Usefulness of Using Swallow Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound to Diagnose Zenker’s Diverticulum: Preliminary Results. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2015; 41(4): 975-81

Author and Affiliation

Christoph F Dietrich. Medizinische Klinik 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Germany.

Video

The papilla Vateri can be displayed in real-time. Please note the functional movements of the papilla.

Take Home Message

The papilla Vateri is an anatomic structure, which should be identified as own anatomic entity. The size of the papilla is about 13 x 7 mm (own data).

Featured references

None.

Author and Affiliation

Christoph F Dietrich. Medizinische Klinik 2, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Germany.

Figure and video 1

The left adrenal gland including the adrenal arterial vessels are shown using endoscopic ultrasound color Doppler imaging [Video].

Take Home Message

Endoscopic real-time ultrasound (US) using high-resolution equipment allows visualization of the left adrenal gland as a routine procedure (99 %). Adrenal arteries can be displayed under good circumstances.

Featured references

• Dietrich CF, Wehrmann T, Hoffmann C, Herrmann G, Caspary WF, Seifert H. Detection of the adrenal glands by endoscopic or transabdominal ultrasound. Endoscopy 1997;29:859-864
• Jenssen C, Dietrich CF. Ultrasound and Endoscopic Ultrasound of the adrenal glands. Ultraschall Med 2010; 31(3):228-250.